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Ôgy‡Q hvK Mvwb, Ny‡P hvK Riv/ AwMœmœv‡b ïwP †nvK aiv/ i‡mi Av‡ek ivwk/ ﮋ K‡i `vI Avwm/ gvqvi KzÀwUKvRvj hvK `~‡i hvK t G‡mv, G‡mv, G‡mv, †n ˆekvL|Õ
AvR c‡njv ˆekvL ïf evsjv beel©| ¯^vMZ 1419 mvj| evOvwji Rxe‡b HwZ‡n¨i iO Avi iƒc wb‡q Av‡m c‡njv ˆekvL| †MvUv †`k Gw`b †g‡Z I‡V Drme Av‡qvR‡b| Avengvb evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii K…wó, ms¯‹…wZ I HwZ‡n¨i avivevwnKZvq evOvwj eiY K‡i bZzb eQi‡K| ïayB wK evOvwj? evsjv fvlvfvlx Avw`evmx I b„ZvwË¡K Rb‡Mvôx, ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZwU gvby‡li Rxeb-RM‡Z ¯^cœgq bZzb eQ‡ii ïfhvÎv m~wPZ nq GB ˆekv‡L| m~h© DVvi Av‡MB beel©‡K ¯^MZ Rvwb‡q eiY Drme ïi“ n‡e igbv eUg~‡ji cv`‡`‡k| g fiv Qvqvb‡Ui wkíx‡`i mg‡eZ K‡É m~‡h©v`‡qi AvMgbx m½xZ gyQ©bvq cye AvKv‡k DuwK †`‡e eQ‡ii cÖ_g m~h©| †mB mv‡_ XvK-†Xv‡ji AvIqv‡R Nyg fvO‡e bMixi| AMwYZ gvby‡li c`PviYvq gyLwiZ n‡q IV‡e bMi Rxeb| Pvi“Kjv †_‡K †ei n‡e g½j †kvfvhvÎv| Zv‡Z Ask †b‡e AvgRbZv|
evsjv beel©‡K ¯^vMZ I RvwZi myL-kvwš— I mg„× Kvgbv K‡i ivóªcwZ wRjøyi ingvb, cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv, weGbwc †Pqvicvimb I msm‡` we‡ivax `‡ji †bZv †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv, RvZxq cvwU©i †Pqvig¨vb GBP Gg Gikv`mn Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÿ †_‡K evYx w`‡q‡Qb| evsjv bee‡l© evYx w`‡q‡Qb gvwK©b ciivóªgš¿x wnjvwi wK¬Ub| Gw`‡K †fvi †_‡K bMixi wewfbœ cÖvš— †_‡K gvby‡li Xj bvg‡e igbv eUg~j, †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb, wkï cvK©, wUGmwU, kvnevnevM Avi Drm‡ei ga¨ gwY Pvi“Kjv I Avkcvk GjvKvq| hyeK-hyeZxiv mvR‡e g‡bi i‡O| wkïiv Avm‡e evev-gv‡qi nvZ a‡i| igbvi cvš—v-Bwj‡ki mv‡_ ïK‡bv gwi‡Pi mv` †b‡e bMi Rxe‡b Af¨¯’ evOvwj| eUZjv-nvU‡Lvjvq Rg‡e †gjvq| cÖv‡Yi Drme cwiYZ n‡e gnvwgj‡bi h‡Á|
ˆekv‡Li cÖ_g w`emwU Avengvb Kvj †_‡KB Avgv‡`i mËvq, †PZbvq I Abyf‡ei RM‡Z GK MfxiZi gayi m¤úK© wb‡q weivR Ki‡Q| c‡njv ˆekvL cyi‡bv RivRxY©‡K †S‡o †d‡j Avgv‡`i hvwcZ Rxe‡b bZzb m¤¢vebv I bZzb cÖZ¨vkv RvwM‡q Zzj‡ZB ïay bq, Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× i“‡L `uvov‡Z Ges mv¤úÖ`vwqK m¤úÖxwZ‡Z GKvKvi nIqvi †cÖiYvI †RvMvq| ZvB c‡njv ˆekvLB n‡”Q evOvwji Rxe‡b me‡P‡q eo Amv¤úÖ`vwqK mve©Rbxb Drme| evsjv I evOvwji †jvKR ms¯‹…wZi g~j welqwU nj, Drm‡ei ga¨ w`‡q Avb‡›`i ewntcÖKvk| †mB Drm‡ei ga¨ w`‡qB cÖKvk cvq evOvwj RvwZi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm, HwZn¨, mf¨Zv, K…wó I †MŠie|
1556 mv‡ji 11 GwcÖj wQj evsjv m‡bi ïfhvÎv| †gvMj mgªvU gnvgwZ AvKeiB dmj KvUvi †gŠmy‡g LvRbv Av`v‡qi myweavi Rb¨ evsjv m‡bi cÖeZ©b K‡ib| IB mgq G evsjv mb‡K ejv n‡Zv dmwj mb| mgªvU‡`i LvRbv Av`v‡qi myweavi cvkvcvwk evOvwj †c‡q hvq wbR¯^ el©cwÄ| cieZx© mg‡q P›`Ö gvm Abyhvqx wnRwi mb I †MÖMwiqvb K¨v‡jÛvi Abyhvqx Bs‡iwR mbmn bvbv wnmve-wbKvk K‡i 14 GwcÖj †_‡KB c‡njv ˆekvL D`hvc‡bi aviv m~wPZ nq| ZLb nv‡Z †jLv cwÄKvi cÖPjb _vK‡jI cÖ_g evsjv gyw`ªZ cwÄKv cÖKvwkZ nq 1818 mv‡j| 135 c„ôvi G cwÄKvi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb KjKvZvi kÖx ivgnwi| Rvbv hvq, BD‡iv‡c cÖ_g 1457 mv‡j Ges Bsj¨v‡Û 1497 mv‡j cwÄKv gyw`ªZ nq| Bs‡iRiv fviZel© `L‡ji ci Zv‡`i gyw`ªZ Ges fvi‡Z nv‡Z †jLv cwÄKvi mgš^q K‡i b`xqvi ivRv K…òP›`Ö Zvi mfvm` I cwÊZ‡`i †W‡K evsjv cwÄKvi ms¯‹vi K‡ib| cieZx©Kv‡j wnRwi m‡bi Av`‡j gymjgvbivI 1899 mv‡j †gvt †iqvRDwχbi m¤úv`bvq 272 c„ôvi GKwU gymjgvwb cwÄKv cÖKvk K‡ib| †m mgqKvi evsjv cwÄKvi cÖ_g ms¯‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb eûfvlvi mycwÊZ Aa¨vcK W. gyn¤§` knx`yjvn 1960 mv‡j| cieZx©Kv‡j 1994-95 mv‡j evsjv GKv‡Wgx AviI msKwjZ I ms¯‹vi K‡i, hv GLb evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î e¨enƒZ|
mvnmx mvs¯‹…wZK e¨w³Z¡ Iqvwn`yj nK I W. mvbwR`v LvZz‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 1967 mv‡ji igbv eUg~‡j Qvqvb‡Ui el©eiY Abyôvb Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb| QvqvbU †mB †h ïi“ K‡iwQj c‡njv ˆekv‡L m~‡h©v`‡qi AvMgbx m½xZ, Zv AvRI Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| GwU GLb dz‡j-d‡j, cÎ-cjø‡e weKwkZ n‡q †MvUv ivRavbx kni Z_v †`‡ki Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Pvi“Kjv BÝwUwUDU †_‡K cÖwZ eQi †h eY©vX¨ g½j †kvfvhvÎv †ei nq, Zvi m~Pbv 1989 mv‡j| ZviI Av‡M g½j †kvfvhvÎv †ei Kiv nq h‡kv‡i, 1987 mv‡j| Pvi“Kjvi g½j †kvfvhvÎv GLb XvKvevmxi Kv‡Q beel© Drm‡ei GKwU cÖavb AvKl©Y| ZvQvov avbgwÊi iex›`Ö m‡ivei, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wUGmwm PZ¡i, †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb, wkï GKv‡Wgx, wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, knx` wgbvi, RvZxq †cÖm K¬ve, XvKv wi‡cvU©vm© BDwbwU, XvKv K¬ve, ¸jkvb K¬ve, DËiv K¬ve, †jwWm K¬ve, Awdmvm© K¬ve I cyivb XvKvmn me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q bee‡l©i bvbv e¨Äbv I Drme|
G bZzb eQi RvwZi ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I RvZxq Rxe‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mydj e‡q Avb‡e, GUvB n‡e mgMÖ †`kevmxi Avkv-AvKv•ÿv| GB cÖZ¨vkvq mg‡eZ K‡É †M‡q IV‡e ÔG‡mv †n ˆekvL G‡mv G‡mv, Zvcm wbtk¦vm ev‡q, gyg~l©y‡i `vI Dov‡q, eQ‡ii AveR©bv, `~i n‡q hvK hvK, G‡mv G‡mv|Õ ¯^vMZ †n 1419 mvj|
Ôgy‡Q hvK Mvwb, Ny‡P hvK Riv/ AwMœmœv‡b ïwP †nvK aiv/ i‡mi Av‡ek ivwk/ ﮋ K‡i `vI Avwm/ gvqvi KzÀwUKvRvj hvK `~‡i hvK t G‡mv, G‡mv, G‡mv, †n ˆekvL|Õ
AvR c‡njv ˆekvL ïf evsjv beel©| ¯^vMZ 1419 mvj| evOvwji Rxe‡b HwZ‡n¨i iO Avi iƒc wb‡q Av‡m c‡njv ˆekvL| †MvUv †`k Gw`b †g‡Z I‡V Drme Av‡qvR‡b| Avengvb evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii K…wó, ms¯‹…wZ I HwZ‡n¨i avivevwnKZvq evOvwj eiY K‡i bZzb eQi‡K| ïayB wK evOvwj? evsjv fvlvfvlx Avw`evmx I b„ZvwË¡K Rb‡Mvôx, ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZwU gvby‡li Rxeb-RM‡Z ¯^cœgq bZzb eQ‡ii ïfhvÎv m~wPZ nq GB ˆekv‡L| m~h© DVvi Av‡MB beel©‡K ¯^MZ Rvwb‡q eiY Drme ïi“ n‡e igbv eUg~‡ji cv`‡`‡k| g fiv Qvqvb‡Ui wkíx‡`i mg‡eZ K‡É m~‡h©v`‡qi AvMgbx m½xZ gyQ©bvq cye AvKv‡k DuwK †`‡e eQ‡ii cÖ_g m~h©| †mB mv‡_ XvK-†Xv‡ji AvIqv‡R Nyg fvO‡e bMixi| AMwYZ gvby‡li c`PviYvq gyLwiZ n‡q IV‡e bMi Rxeb| Pvi“Kjv †_‡K †ei n‡e g½j †kvfvhvÎv| Zv‡Z Ask †b‡e AvgRbZv|
evsjv beel©‡K ¯^vMZ I RvwZi myL-kvwš— I mg„× Kvgbv K‡i ivóªcwZ wRjøyi ingvb, cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv, weGbwc †Pqvicvimb I msm‡` we‡ivax `‡ji †bZv †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv, RvZxq cvwU©i †Pqvig¨vb GBP Gg Gikv`mn Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÿ †_‡K evYx w`‡q‡Qb| evsjv bee‡l© evYx w`‡q‡Qb gvwK©b ciivóªgš¿x wnjvwi wK¬Ub| Gw`‡K †fvi †_‡K bMixi wewfbœ cÖvš— †_‡K gvby‡li Xj bvg‡e igbv eUg~j, †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb, wkï cvK©, wUGmwU, kvnevnevM Avi Drm‡ei ga¨ gwY Pvi“Kjv I Avkcvk GjvKvq| hyeK-hyeZxiv mvR‡e g‡bi i‡O| wkïiv Avm‡e evev-gv‡qi nvZ a‡i| igbvi cvš—v-Bwj‡ki mv‡_ ïK‡bv gwi‡Pi mv` †b‡e bMi Rxe‡b Af¨¯’ evOvwj| eUZjv-nvU‡Lvjvq Rg‡e †gjvq| cÖv‡Yi Drme cwiYZ n‡e gnvwgj‡bi h‡Á|
ˆekv‡Li cÖ_g w`emwU Avengvb Kvj †_‡KB Avgv‡`i mËvq, †PZbvq I Abyf‡ei RM‡Z GK MfxiZi gayi m¤úK© wb‡q weivR Ki‡Q| c‡njv ˆekvL cyi‡bv RivRxY©‡K †S‡o †d‡j Avgv‡`i hvwcZ Rxe‡b bZzb m¤¢vebv I bZzb cÖZ¨vkv RvwM‡q Zzj‡ZB ïay bq, Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× i“‡L `uvov‡Z Ges mv¤úÖ`vwqK m¤úÖxwZ‡Z GKvKvi nIqvi †cÖiYvI †RvMvq| ZvB c‡njv ˆekvLB n‡”Q evOvwji Rxe‡b me‡P‡q eo Amv¤úÖ`vwqK mve©Rbxb Drme| evsjv I evOvwji †jvKR ms¯‹…wZi g~j welqwU nj, Drm‡ei ga¨ w`‡q Avb‡›`i ewntcÖKvk| †mB Drm‡ei ga¨ w`‡qB cÖKvk cvq evOvwj RvwZi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm, HwZn¨, mf¨Zv, K…wó I †MŠie|
1556 mv‡ji 11 GwcÖj wQj evsjv m‡bi ïfhvÎv| †gvMj mgªvU gnvgwZ AvKeiB dmj KvUvi †gŠmy‡g LvRbv Av`v‡qi myweavi Rb¨ evsjv m‡bi cÖeZ©b K‡ib| IB mgq G evsjv mb‡K ejv n‡Zv dmwj mb| mgªvU‡`i LvRbv Av`v‡qi myweavi cvkvcvwk evOvwj †c‡q hvq wbR¯^ el©cwÄ| cieZx© mg‡q P›`Ö gvm Abyhvqx wnRwi mb I †MÖMwiqvb K¨v‡jÛvi Abyhvqx Bs‡iwR mbmn bvbv wnmve-wbKvk K‡i 14 GwcÖj †_‡KB c‡njv ˆekvL D`hvc‡bi aviv m~wPZ nq| ZLb nv‡Z †jLv cwÄKvi cÖPjb _vK‡jI cÖ_g evsjv gyw`ªZ cwÄKv cÖKvwkZ nq 1818 mv‡j| 135 c„ôvi G cwÄKvi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb KjKvZvi kÖx ivgnwi| Rvbv hvq, BD‡iv‡c cÖ_g 1457 mv‡j Ges Bsj¨v‡Û 1497 mv‡j cwÄKv gyw`ªZ nq| Bs‡iRiv fviZel© `L‡ji ci Zv‡`i gyw`ªZ Ges fvi‡Z nv‡Z †jLv cwÄKvi mgš^q K‡i b`xqvi ivRv K…òP›`Ö Zvi mfvm` I cwÊZ‡`i †W‡K evsjv cwÄKvi ms¯‹vi K‡ib| cieZx©Kv‡j wnRwi m‡bi Av`‡j gymjgvbivI 1899 mv‡j †gvt †iqvRDwχbi m¤úv`bvq 272 c„ôvi GKwU gymjgvwb cwÄKv cÖKvk K‡ib| †m mgqKvi evsjv cwÄKvi cÖ_g ms¯‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb eûfvlvi mycwÊZ Aa¨vcK W. gyn¤§` knx`yjvn 1960 mv‡j| cieZx©Kv‡j 1994-95 mv‡j evsjv GKv‡Wgx AviI msKwjZ I ms¯‹vi K‡i, hv GLb evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î e¨enƒZ|
mvnmx mvs¯‹…wZK e¨w³Z¡ Iqvwn`yj nK I W. mvbwR`v LvZz‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 1967 mv‡ji igbv eUg~‡j Qvqvb‡Ui el©eiY Abyôvb Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb| QvqvbU †mB †h ïi“ K‡iwQj c‡njv ˆekv‡L m~‡h©v`‡qi AvMgbx m½xZ, Zv AvRI Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| GwU GLb dz‡j-d‡j, cÎ-cjø‡e weKwkZ n‡q †MvUv ivRavbx kni Z_v †`‡ki Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Pvi“Kjv BÝwUwUDU †_‡K cÖwZ eQi †h eY©vX¨ g½j †kvfvhvÎv †ei nq, Zvi m~Pbv 1989 mv‡j| ZviI Av‡M g½j †kvfvhvÎv †ei Kiv nq h‡kv‡i, 1987 mv‡j| Pvi“Kjvi g½j †kvfvhvÎv GLb XvKvevmxi Kv‡Q beel© Drm‡ei GKwU cÖavb AvKl©Y| ZvQvov avbgwÊi iex›`Ö m‡ivei, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wUGmwm PZ¡i, †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb, wkï GKv‡Wgx, wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, knx` wgbvi, RvZxq †cÖm K¬ve, XvKv wi‡cvU©vm© BDwbwU, XvKv K¬ve, ¸jkvb K¬ve, DËiv K¬ve, †jwWm K¬ve, Awdmvm© K¬ve I cyivb XvKvmn me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q bee‡l©i bvbv e¨Äbv I Drme|
G bZzb eQi RvwZi ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I RvZxq Rxe‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mydj e‡q Avb‡e, GUvB n‡e mgMÖ †`kevmxi Avkv-AvKv•ÿv| GB cÖZ¨vkvq mg‡eZ K‡É †M‡q IV‡e ÔG‡mv †n ˆekvL G‡mv G‡mv, Zvcm wbtk¦vm ev‡q, gyg~l©y‡i `vI Dov‡q, eQ‡ii AveR©bv, `~i n‡q hvK hvK, G‡mv G‡mv|Õ ¯^vMZ †n 1419 mvj|
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